数字化为全球经济注入新动能******
两部“互联网发展报告蓝皮书”发布——
数字化为全球经济注入新动能
光明网记者 李政葳 孔繁鑫
在过去的一年里，中国和世界互联网发展取得哪些新进展、新成就？又呈现出哪些新趋势？11月9日，在2022年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会期间，《中国互联网发展报告2022》《世界互联网发展报告2022》蓝皮书对外发布。
蓝皮书由中国网络空间研究院牵头，由国内外互联网领域高端智库和研究机构参与编撰完成，自2017年起连续6年面向全球发布，已成为世界互联网大会的一项重要成果。
中国数字社会建设更加均衡包容
《中国互联网发展报告2022》从网络基础设施、数字经济、数字化公共服务、网络文明、网络安全、网络法治及网络空间国际交流合作等7个方面，立体呈现了中国数字化转型过程中的新实践、新成就。
截至2022年6月，中国累计建成开通5G基站185.4万个，建成全球规模最大的5G网络；光纤宽带加速升级，千兆用户规模达到5591.1万户，全国超过300个城市启动千兆光纤网络建设；物联网产业规模突破1.7万亿元……一系列数据，清晰展现了中国数字化转型发展中取得的亮眼成绩。
记者留意到，蓝皮书中专门用一个章节系统介绍了数字社会建设情况。“我国数字社会建设更加均衡包容。近年来，我国大力推动信息惠民、网络扶贫和电信普遍服务，在数字鸿沟治理方面一直走在国际前列。”中国网络空间研究院副院长李颖新说。
世界进入全面数字化转型发展期
《世界互联网发展报告2022》重点立足全球视野，梳理总结世界互联网发展情况，客观反映在国际复杂环境下，各国积极探索、推动发展、应对挑战的新举措、新进展、新成果。
“从总体上看，全球互联网仍然在曲折中前进、在竞争中发展。”李颖新介绍，世界进入全面数字化转型的发展时期，数字技术创新仍是全球战略重点；此外，互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显。
蓝皮书显示，2021年全球47个国家的数字经济增加值规模达38.1万亿美元，同比名义增长15.6%，占GDP的比重达45%。“数字经济为全球经济增长注入新动能，成为推动全球经济复苏的重要引擎。”李颖新说，疫情之下，越来越多的经济活动转移到线上，催生了远程医疗、在线教育、在线办公等新的业态和经济增长点；数字技术与实体经济融合创新的特征更加明显，继消费互联网之后，产业互联网成为各方关注的重点。
《光明日报》（ 2022年11月11日 07版）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
